more like 4 ideas and according to Aristotle:
Example: marble statue of Hermes
- Material cause: the matter of x. In the case of a statue: marble
- Formal cause: the defining structure of x. In the case of the statue: the shape of the statue
- Efficient cause: what is responsible for putting or imposing the form on the matter. In this case, the sculptor in virture of his having the form (the blueprint) of the statue in his mind (the source of change)
- Final cause: what a thing is for in virtue of what is essentially is. In this case honoring the god hermes (for the sake of which)